[4][7], Beginning in late January, many Jewish prisoners in poor physical condition arrived at the Mittelbau-Dora complex from Auschwitz and Gross-Rosen. - showing him the first kind act in years. Other survivors were cared for in apartments confiscated from the Germans. More than 3,000 prisoners were forced into an area of only 1,800 square metres (19,000sqft). All medical personnel that could be Breaking out of the Remagen Bridgehead on 25 March, Division saw and lived a story we shall never forget. Explosions set off during construction of the tunnels claimed many lives. It was briefly inactivated from 2008 until 2010 when it was . Downs, Kenneth T. "Nothing Stopped the Timberwolves." Main telephone: 202.488.0400 horrors of war, but nothing could prepare them for what they would encounter upon liberating the concentration camps Hitler had created with the goal of exterminating those "unworthy of life". It is primarily responsible for Combat Service Support training for soldiers entering the Ordnance Corps and other related fields. [20], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}512930.1N 104831.0E / 51.491694N 10.808611E / 51.491694; 10.808611, "Nordhausen concentration camp" redirects here. In addition, two soldiers from this division were awarded the Medal of Honor for their service in combat. gear, and off across bomb-cratered grounds we picked our way to this particular In early April 1945, the Nazis began to evacuate the prisoners from Dora-Mittelbau. lying around the camp and some 750 emaciated, starving and ill prisoners who had been left behind when the SS evacuated the inmates on death marches. As Allied troops moved across Europe in a series of offensives against Nazi Germany, they found tens of thousands of concentration camp prisoners in deplorable conditions. Americans of similar background, on the eye witnessed horror stories of an even more sanguine genocide in Turkey three decades earlier. The strongly Nazified town of Nordhausen fell before Requesting help from the 104th Infantry Division, the 3rd immediately begins transporting some 250 ill and starving prisoners to nearby hospital facilities. If you discover problems, please advise the Webmaster. The 104th Infantry Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp in 1945. The soldiers reacted in shock and disbelief to the evidence of Nazi atrocities. Today, it is known as the 104th Training Division (Leader Training) and based at Fort Lewis, Washington, as a training unit of the United States Army Reserve . The war-hardened soldiers of the 104th had seen the worst in humanity. SS doctor Heinrich Schmidt was largely responsible for the inhuman conditions. They would uphold the traditions and ideals for which they fought and preserve the memory of their fallen comrades. Troops found only a few survivors among the 3000 corpses who were cared for in a field hospital. The Timberwolf division made contact with the advancing Soviet armed forces at the end of the month. swollen, bulging feet; they had no shoes and they were unbelievably dirty. those who ruled the old Turkish Otterman Empire. View the list of all donors. Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. bodies. Prisoners at Dora-Mittelbau had been forced to construct massive tunnels and work in underground factories producing V-2 rockets for the German military. skeletons wrapped in skin. had fallen, gangrened and naked. The Journey of Private Galione: How America Became a Super Power. limbs. After fierce fighting in the Ruhr pocket, it advanced into central Germany and took the Prussian university town of Halle on April 19. for Jewish victims who were on the bottom of the insane Nazi scale of values. forty-eight smaller tunnels. Nordhausen "became the defining image of National Socialist camp terror" in many parts of the world. There were many bodies strewn about. The 104th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the United States Army. Story. of the pile; they had been struggling for five or six days to get out but the In the eight days from July 18 to July 25, 1918, the 104th Infantry was to pass through a crucible of fire and steel. [24], Two additional provisional brigades were created under the 104th Division in 1999; the 8th Brigade, 104th Division was created at Fort Lewis as a unit for training Reserve Officers' Training Corps cadets, and the 4690th US Army Reserve Forces School at Fort Shafter, Hawaii was redesignated as the 4690th Brigade, 104th Division, for service as a multifunctional training unit. We saw, at Rows upon rows of skin-covered skeletons [5][7] The camp commander was SS-Obersturmfhrer Heinrich Josten[de; pl; sv], who had previously worked at Auschwitz, and the deputy commander was SS-Hauptscharfhrer Josef Kestel[ja; de; pl; sv], previously a functionary at the Dora camp. among those who can't forget: "Nordhausen was to provide a ghastly traumatic The 4th Brigade, 104th Division is an infantry brigade of the United States Army. Rosenbach was one of the fortunate few to survive Camp Mittelbau Dora. the Americans fought into Nordhausen. [8] 1st Brigade took on basic combat training, while 3rd Brigade undertook combat support training, 4th Brigade conducted combat service support training. words of a poet a sadder but wiser man.(16). Many of these scientists, including Wernher von Braun, were recruited by the US as part of Operation Paperclip. [23] In 1961, the division was relocated to Vancouver Barracks, Washington. According to some accounts, soldiers of the 104th Infantry Division killed German civilians in Nordhausen who denied knowledge of the atrocities, believing that . You are invited to read the rest building. I always thought this was not the end for me.(7). In closing, a quote from Leon Karalokian of the 104th Signal This is the story of the Our S-2, Captain Johnson, brought the [14] The division received 9 Distinguished Unit Citations and three campaign streamers during 200 days of combat. Today, it is known as the 104th Training Division (Leader Training) and based at Fort Lewis, Washington, as a training unit of the United States Army Reserve. Vengeance, was the pilotless radio-controlled aircraft carrying a attention and salute us as tears slowly trickled down his cheeks. From that point, it began training at Camp Hyder, California as a division in preparation for deployment to Europe. met our eyes. On April 11, the American 6th Armored Division liberated Buchenwald near Weimar, one of the largest concentration camps constructed in Germany. An hour-by-hour account of the liberation of concentration camp Dachau, based on numerous interviews with former prisoners and the American soldiers who liberated them. A million or more Armenian lives destroyed at the whim of those who ruled the old Turkish Ottoman Empire. [2], In October 2007, the division was renamed the 104th Training Division (Leader Training). Hitler had hoped that the V2s - the "V" standing for "Vergeltung", meaning "Retaliation" in German - Photo courtesy of NARA. [38] NFL Player Bob Shaw also served with the 104th and was awarded the Bronze Star during World War II. [8] After the arrival of 3,500 emaciated and ill prisoners from Gross-Rosen in mid-February, the SS decided to use the barracks compound to house prisoners who were no longer able to work,[7] since Dora had no gas chamber and transports to Bergen-Belsen could not be arranged. From 1943 until 1945, 60,000 prisoners had toiled At 1000 hours, the 684 officers and 1,435 enlisted men, then in the division, marched to the central parade grounds, and stood at attention before the speakers platform - - As the first notes of a bugle sounded the Division Commander's party reached the . The death toll from the first raid was 450 in the block for tuberculosis sufferers,[11] and the second raid killed about 1,000 people. by side in indescribable filth lay the emaciated living, too weak to move away predominantly Polish slave workers, with some French, conscripted to turn out [10][11] On 15 October 1943, Major General Terry de la Mesa Allen Sr. took command of the division. In October 1944, the SS made Dora-Mittelbau an independent concentration camp with more than 30 subcamps of its own. From where I was standing I could see a hidden tunnel coming out of the side of a mountain. We pulled three or four feebly struggling living ones from the bottom These bodies showed many signs of beating, starvation under the casing were neatly piled about seventy-five bodies, a sight I could The 104th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the United States Army. [18] Eschweiler fell on 21 November and the enemy was cleared from the area west of the Inde River, including Inden by 2 December 1944. SS guards barely entered the camp, instead allowing the prisoners to die from neglect. [8] In 2005, the current Distinctive Unit Insignia was designed under the direction of Major General Terrill K. (TK) Moffett. (14) Kenneth T. Downs, "Nothing Stopped the Timberwolves," The Saturday Evening Post (August 17, 1946): 20-43. Requesting help from the 104th Infantry Division, the 3rd immediately began transporting some 250 ill and starving prisoners to nearby hospital facilities. Time dulls the impact of events. captured Wehrmacht vehicles and even barnyard carts supplementing more all present. The Timberwolves travelled across France by train and debarked near the Belgian-Dutch border and waited for word to take part in a new allied offensive, Operation Pheasant, taking the place of the experienced British 49th Infantry Division on the left flank and the Polish 1st Armored Division on the right. [12][13], Housing conditions were particularly bad, because there were no bunks; prisoners had to sleep in a thin layer of straw. Prisoners at Dora-Mittelbau had been forced to construct massive tunnels and work in underground factories producing V-2 rockets for the German military. But when I started to turn around, something empowering came over me. webmaster@104infdiv.org, Please tunnels approximately fifty feet in width and height, connected laterally by We were battle-tired [7] In 1924 it received its shoulder sleeve insignia. On April 11, 1945 our 104th Division, under command of General Terry Allen, took the fortified town of Nordhausen located some 60 miles southwest of Berlin. The 104th Infantry Division was recognized as a liberating unit by the US Army's Center of Military History and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1988. "Mittelbau Dora Concentration Camp." 1945, the 104th Infantry Division, as part of the U.S. VII Corps, was teamed We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. But few realized the evil acts that Hitler and his Nazi regime were committing against humanity. In a caravan of trucks we rushed into a job which proved After defending the west bank of the Rhine River, the division crossed the river at Honnef on 22 March 1945, and attacked to the east of the Remagen bridgehead. This meeting helped hasten the liberation of the city of Halle and spare it from further destruction. The -- allowed to leave the camp and when they became too weak to work, they were Every so often, the floor would be hosed down in order to clean out the excrement. In my own thoughts I choked up - couldn't Note: The 104th Infantry Division liberated the camp on April 11, not March 27. Initially On March 1, 2013 the formal organization of the National Timberwolf Association ended and although the formal structure no longer exist, the legacy and traditions Schmidt was tried again at the Third Majdanek Trial in 1979 for unrelated crimes, and again acquitted. General Allen planned to employ all three of his regiments at the same time, shoulder to shoulder. Nordhausen did not have the huge inmate of Auschwitz. Comments? [6] The concentration camp prisoners were separated from the forced laborers by an electrified fence topped with barbed wire, and transported to work via a purpose-built railway spur. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. the ground awaiting burial I asked myself, 'Is this what is meant by genocide? The temperature was eight or nine degrees Celsius (46 - 48 degrees Fahrenheit) Massacre was the word here, knives and bullets for the males, desert death marches, On the afternoon of 3 April and again the next day, the Royal Air Force bombed Nordhausen; the sick barracks was nearly destroyed. Boelcke Barracks; also Nordhausen) was a subcamp of the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp complex where prisoners were left to die after they became unable to work. Men such as Jack Biolchini felt as though they could not, and should not speak of the atrocities. "Survivors of V2 Nazi Slave Camp Mark Liberation." In one bomb crater lay about twenty In the building bedded on straw side Liberated on: April 11, 1945 . He was comparatively healthy, as fanatical inhuman Nazi machine. I was accosted by a less emaciated prisoner who asked machine was crumbling, but counter attacks and stubborn pockets of resistance, Includes over 20 photographs and a glossary. supplementing more conventional means of transport for the relentless push East. Was this also the fate of the grandparents, uncles and aunts I had never Hungarian Jewish Businessman Begins Issuing Papers to Jewish refugees, Allied Nations Issue Statement on Mass Murder. The liberation of Camp Mittelbau Dora provided the [10] On 1 April, there were 5,700 prisoners in the camp; the death rate approached one hundred per day. This long-dreaded The Dora-Mittelbau (also known as Dora-Nordhausen or Nordhausen) camp was established in central Germany near the southern Harz Mountains, north of the town of Nordhausen. A member of the 104th Infantry Division - known as the Timberwolves - Jack and his All categories. [16] Some American newspapers drew an explicit connection between the atrocities at Nordhausen and the rocket production nearby. Article. More His dozen or so photos from Mittelbau-Dora show rows of emaciated corpses in brutal clarity (inexplicably,. The "Timberwolf" division discovered 3,000 corpses lying around the camp and some 750 emaciated, starving, and ill prisoners who had been left behind when the SS evacuated the inmates on death marches. One hunched-down French boy When I answered, he brightened and related that a group [26] Meanwhile, the 3rd Brigade, 104th Division,[27] as well as the 4th Brigade, 104th Division both activated at Fort Lawton, Washington. might be saved. It must be noted that although Mittelbau Dora has been listed as a non-Jewish camp; the Forty percent of the prisoners were Polish, of whom most were thought to be Jews. We appreciate your comments about this site. After 65 years Their rapidity [13], The 104th Infantry Division sailed for the Western Front on 27 August 1944. reaching for the hands of their liberators as they shed their tears. (11) The U.S. Army rushed medical personnel, food, and equipment to the living. Tags: liberating units US Army. (6) Richard Murphy, "Survivors of V2 Nazi Slave Camp Mark Liberation," Reuters, April 10, 1995, under "The Nizkor Project," http://nizkor.org/ftp.cgi/camps/buchenwald/press/reuters.040395 (Oct. 24, 2009). seventy-five but was only forty-five. In June of 1945, following the Fedden Mission investigation of the Dora conditions, The United States of America versus Arthur Kurt Andrae et al. Two miles northwest of Nordhausen a huge underground The barracks was a subcamp of the Mittelbau-Dora Nazi concentration camp. a sadder but wiser man. An article written by Kenneth T. Downs entitled "Nothing Stopped the Timberwolves" was featured in The Saturday Evening [8] By 1952, the division was turning out 1,500 new reservists per training camp. experience of the dead and dying prisoners they encountered at the Camp, an experience which was one of the most profound of their entire military careers during World War II. A few men were able to walk on their The 104th Infantry Division formally activated with ceremonies at Camp Adair, Oregon. We saw in a concentration camp . Click here for order form: These men were dedicated to continuing the spirit of fellowship and teamwork from which their war experiences had instilled. The first camp to be liberated was the concentration camp of Buchenwald, located near Weimar, Germany. We found out the full meaning of the words http://www.archives.gov/research/captured-german-records/microfilm/m1079.pdf. One survivor, Franz Rosenbach was arrested in Austria because he was a gypsy and therefore deemed "racially inferior" by Hitler's Nazi Regime. Casualty figures for the 104th Infantry Division, European theater of operations: The nickname of the 104th Infantry Division, "Timberwolf," originated from the division's insignia, a gray timberwolf. their war experiences had instilled. camp liberation, and seeing the unspeakable atrocities committed by the Nazis. Thousands were killed during death marches under horrendous conditions. I heard View the list of all donors. and experiences, formed the National Timberwolf Association on October 19, 1945. Private John Galione, a member of the Timberwolves, is credited with finding the labor camp known as Mittelbau Dora, and the secret tunnels which led to the factory used to build the world's first ballistic missiles. One Parisian business told We went downstairs into a filth indescribable, As the 104th advanced into Thuringia, the unit overran Nordhausen and the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp on April 11, 1945. [5][b] The SS evacuated from the barracks after the raid, leaving the dead and leaving dying prisoners to fend for themselves. Heinrich Schmidt and an SS guard were tried in 1947 in the Dora Trial at Dachau for abuses at Boelcke-Kaserne, but they were acquitted for lack of evidence. here, not in America or Russia." work on longer, after which they were starved off or killed Time dulls (13) "United States of America v. Kurt Andrae et al. Jules Helfner's handwritten note on reverse of photo from Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp. shoulder insignia and to honor the memory of those gallant men who perished in battle. I was exhausted because we had just gotten in from all those miles. east. [15] By 7 November, the fighting in the Netherlands cost the Timberwolves 1,426 casualties, including 313 killed and 103 missing. Under the supervision of the US First Army, German civilians from Nordhausen carry victims of the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp to mass graves. TTY: 202.488.0406, The Holocaust and World War II: Key Dates, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. Dora. detestable living conditions. Deployed during World War II, the division saw almost 200 . The figure of 3,000 does not include the 2,250 sick and dying prisoners who were sent on an "annihilation transport" to. French survivor Jean Mialet is quoted as stating "This is what hell must be like" when speaking of Mittelbau Dora. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. Stanley Dunn," National Timberwolf Association, www.104infdiv.org (accessed Oct. 22, 2009). of the 104th Division Timberwolves who were there and witnessed that The trial also addressed the question of liability of Nordhausen scientists, who were then The corpses (2) Mary Galione-Nahas, The Journey of Private Galione: How America Became a Super Power, (Washington: Pleasant Word Press 2004). that the friend had been dead two or three days and unable to move his own me he had been kicked and beaten repeatedly. The division trained in the northwestern United States during the next two years, earning its name "Timberwolf Division" from its time in the area. These units were redesignated from other training commands and put under the command of the division. they worked several days carrying litter cases and collecting corpses by hand. Prisoners from Buchenwald were sent to the area in 1943 to begin construction of a large industrial complex. April 27, 1945-June 11, 1958. The Timberwolves remained focused on their main objective: Eliminate enemy opposition and ensure Hitler's downfall. So under the leadership of Colonel Jones and Chaplain Steinbeck, who spoke The Americans were given responsibility for taking 22 miles of wet, low country from the Belgian border to the Meuse (Maas). Hitler's once mighty war machine was beginning to fail, but the 104th Washington, DC 20024-2126 [8] Seriously ill prisoners from incoming transports and other subcamps of Mittelbau-Dora were transported to Boelcke-Kaserne to die;[9] some forced laborers were also sent there after becoming unable to work. [32] In 2005, the Base Realignment and Closure suggestions included the closure of the Vancouver Barracks, and the 104th Division was subsequently relocated to Fort Lewis, Washington. I learned that he Although there are modern accounts from the men of the 104th regarding the horrific experience at Camp Mittelbau Dora, there was very little information published about the 104th Division's role in liberating the Camp Easier to pronounce, but impossible to forget, 5,000 corpses among the 6,000 inmates in various stages of decay. The "Timberwolf" division advanced into Belgium by the end of the following month. many regarded this information as rumor. [18] On 5 March, after heavy fighting, it entered Kln. The History of the 104th Infantry DivisionBy Leo Hoegh & Howard J. Doyle, Sixty-eight years after the original publication of this history, the National Timberwolf Pups Association by the hungry and desperate enemy, continued as tongue-twisting towns and and the humidity was ninety percent. villages like Holzhausen, Niederingelbach, Dalwigsthal, Strasseberbach & Activated in 1942, the 104th Infantry Division landed in France in September 1944, a few months after the Allied invasion of western Europe on D-Day (June 6, 1944). This was the only combat duty that the 104th Infantry Division has served during its history. Would that it was possible to take the doubters by the hand, back Within days, most of the remaining prisoners were sent to Bergen-Belsen in northern Germany. of the male citizens of the town were ordered to the camp, where under guard, There were lash marks on many of their scantily covered backs - definite proof In 1936, a Luftwaffe barracks complex, named after the World War I flying ace Oswald Boelcke, was constructed in the suburbs of the city of Nordhausen, Thuringia. any serious impressions at the moment. It was like stepping into the There was also a Gestapo-run Sonderlager ("special camp"), and other forced labor camps nearby, but these were not part of the Mittelbau-Dora complex. Montgomery and the Canadian commanders sent their congratulations, and General Allen disseminated copies of their letters to his regiments and wrote a personal letter of thanks to everyone in the division, concluding with his favorite motto, "Nothing in Hell must stop the Timberwolves!" [18][12][4] American soldiers photographed and filmed the conditions at the camp, which were widely distributed in international media. At 1000 hours, the 684 officers and 1,435 enlisted men, then in the division, marched to the central parade grounds, and stood at attention before the speakers platform - - As the first notes of a bugle sounded the Division Commander's party reached the . Men lay as they starved, discolored, and lying in indescribable never occurred. In addition to burying the dead, the Allied forces attempted to help and comfort the survivors with food, clothing, and medical assistance. Division, to recognize the contribution of the 34,000 men who proudly wore the Timberwolf Sergeant Ragene Farris of the 329th Medical Now we approached the cellar stairs leading to the French group. http://www.104infdiv.org/concamp.htm (accessed Oct. 10, 2009). Eibelshausen appeared and were soon overrun. We arrived in Amsterdam, Thursday, May 2nd, at Schiphol Airport ready to complete our journey following the footsteps of the 104th Timberwolf Infantry Division as they fought through Europe during WWII in 1944 and 1945. The 104th Timberwolf Infantry Division has held a reunion for the past 69 years, and will meet again this year at a celebration . from the dead. 104th Division (Institutional Training), HQ (to include: Headquarters (less detachment), 1st Brigade, 104th Division, 1st Battalion, 414th Regiment, 2d Battalion, 414th Regiment, 1st Battalion, 415th Regiment, 2d Battalion, 415th Regiment, 3d Battalion, 415th Regiment, 1043d Training Detachment, Headquarters, 3d Brigade, 104th Division, 1st Battalion, 104th Regiment, 2d Battalion, 104th Regiment, 3d Battalion, 104th Regiment, 4th Battalion, 104th Regiment, 5th Battalion, 104th Regiment, 1041st Training Detachment, U.S. Army Regional Training Site, Sacramento, Headquarters 4th Brigade, 104th Division, 6th Battalion, 104th Regiment, 7th Battalion, 104th Regiment, 8th Battalion, 104th Regiment, Detachment, 9th Battalion, 104th Regiment, Headquarters, 6th Brigade, 104th Division, 10 Battalion, 104th Regiment, 11th Battalion, 104th Regiment, Headquarters, 7th Brigade, 104th Division, 1st Battalion, 413th Regiment, 2d Battalion, 413th Regiment, 3d Battalion, 413th Regiment, Detachment, Headquarters, 8th Brigade, 104th Division, 3d Battalion, 414th Regiment, 104th Army Band. bodies. Otherwise, please send us your comments, stories, or any other information you wish to share.Please do not send anything obscene or offensive. "secret weapon" of Hitler, launched from Holland, first hit London on when the 104th arrived. In the final six months of World War II, the 104th Division "The Frontier Division" launched a series of night attacks against German troops while equipped with only empty rifles, bayonets, and grenades, slicing and exploding their way through enemy lines on the drive to Berlin. Nordhausen was liberated by the 104th US Infantry Division on April 12th, 1945. and combat-wise medics, and we thought there was nothing left in the books we the impact of events. On April 11, the 104th Infantry and the 3rd Armored Divisions liberated Nordhausen death camp, a subcamp of Mittlebau concentration camp, which they discovered nearby. In December, the 104th was forced into defensive positions by German counterattacks, but in March 1945, the division entered the Rhineland and captured the city of Cologne. The Royal Navy took three weeks to sweep the estuary waters clear of mines, and in early December 1944, the port of Antwerp was open to Allied shipping. serve as a silent witness to the evil committed at Camp Mittelbau Dora. [8] The division was reorganized specifically as a training division in 1959. It was like something was telling me to keep following the trains; and somehow it gave me the strength to keep going. (3) Camp Mittelbau Dora was established They were determined that the Jews who had escaped death in the extermination camps would experience the most physically punishing This changed after the Activated in 1921 and deployed during World War II, the division saw almost 200 days of fighting in northwestern Europe as it fought through France, Netherlands, Belgium, and western Germany, fighting back several fierce German counterattacks as it advanced through the theater throughout late 1944 and 1945. have the gas chambers of Dachau or Buchenwald, a refinement apparently reserved heap of ashes each day. factory. walking into a world apart and returning to bring these shadow-men into the Caggiano, Robert . prisoners were exposed to gas, noise, and the dust of explosions. scene. These men were dedicated to continuing the spirit of fellowship and teamwork from which The US Army forced about two thousand Germans from Nordhausen to bury the corpses in mass graves, a process which took until 16 April. It was located inside a former Luftwaffe barracks complex in Nordhausen, Thuringia, Germany, adjacent to several pre-existing forced labor camps. The 104th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the United States Army.
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